How aero materials generate force: Electrically powered air expansion
1 Electric heating inside the material
Aero material is made of tiny hollow graphene tubes with ultra-thin walls
When a short electric pulse is applied, the tubes heat up extremely quickly (in less than a millisecond)
2 Air expands instantly
Heat is transferred directly to the air inside and around the hollow framework
As the graphene heats, the surrounding air molecules rapidly gain energy, accelerate, and expand outward, generating a sudden pressure increase
3 Directed pressure drives movement
Channeled by a customized enclosure, pressure either moves a piston, stretches a membrane, or creates airflow
Because the material cools down quickly, the cycle can be repeated many times, acting like a clean, electrically driven “micro-explosion engine”